A technically accurate guide to the Domain Name System. Carefully written with correct protocol details — the ceiling of what the index produces for a clean technical piece.
Original Text Analysed(264 words)
The Domain Name System (DNS) is an application-layer protocol that translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses. It was developed by Paul Mockapetris in 1983 and is defined in RFC 1034 and RFC 1035. DNS operates using a hierarchical structure. The root zone is managed by ICANN and contains over 1,500 top-level domains. A recursive resolver handles queries by contacting authoritative nameservers on behalf of the client. An authoritative nameserver stores the definitive DNS records for a particular domain. DNS supports several record types. An A record maps a domain name to an IPv4 address. A CNAME record creates an alias that points one domain to another. An MX record specifies the mail server responsible for accepting email for a domain. A TXT record holds arbitrary text data and is commonly used for domain verification and email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC). An NS record delegates a DNS zone to an authoritative nameserver. DNS primarily uses UDP on port 53 for standard queries. When a DNS response exceeds 512 bytes, the resolver may switch to TCP. DNSSEC adds cryptographic signatures to DNS records to prevent cache poisoning. The TTL (Time to Live) value in a DNS record determines how long a resolver should cache the response before querying again. Modern DNS privacy extensions include DNS over HTTPS (DoH) and DNS over TLS (DoT). DoH operates on port 443 and encapsulates DNS queries within HTTP/2 traffic. DoT uses port 853 and wraps DNS queries in TLS encryption. Both protocols were standardised by the IETF, with DoH defined in RFC 8484 and DoT defined in RFC 7858.
NODELULU Hallucination Report
NoDelulu Index: 36/100
9 findings · 11 Mar 2026, 17:28 · How DNS Works
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